TMS motor mapping: method overview, research and clinical application

Cortical representations of muscles can be probed non‑invasively using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) motor mapping. TMS mapping applied both in research and clinical settings to assess cortex reorganization under the influence various factors, clarify pathophysiological mechanisms system damage diseases, develop novel biomarkers this damage. The article discusses main methodological aspects mapping: choosing intensity interstimulus interval, grid, neuronavigation robotic systems, determining a target muscle, etc. Special attention is paid cortical representation parameters such as “hot spot” center gravity localization, area, their reproducibility protocols. A review publications on use application brain tumors, stroke amyotrophic lateral sclerosis presented. most significant practical impact seen tumors when used for presurgical localization eloquent areas, it associated with improvement functional outcomes progression‑free survival.